第三节、主宾表

目录:

一、主宾表的五种变化(这里讲解了四种)

主语:
  1. 主语的成分(名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(引导词+句子))
  1. 一句话不能没有主语,当一句话无主语时:
      • 加it作为主语:必须与天气、温度、时间有关系。
      • There be 句型,听到“有”的时候使用
      • 变主动为被动:一般用于没有主语和人称代词做主语的句子,都可以考虑写成被动。
      • 加人称代词(以下三种情况无被动: 系动词没有被动; ii.动词后跟有介词,无被动; iii. “have”翻译为“有”时无被动)
宾语:
宾语的成分:代词、名词(短语)和非谓语结构
表语:
表语的成分:名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句、形容词、介词短语
 

1.名词/代词做主语

2.非谓语动词doing

2.1.doing做主语
eg: Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction...
监控是导出的道路上的第一步
... amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy...
扩大年龄和性别差异成为儿童营销的主要策略。
Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.
仅仅与他们开始一次对话,就将形成一个链接。
2.2.doing做宾语
eg: I love creating...
我爱创造
The most likely reason for departing a board was age...
离开董事会的最可能的原因是
2.3.doing做表语(考研非重点)

3.非谓语动词to do

3.1.to do做主语
考研中,doing主语通常在句首,to do 主语通常在句尾。
eg: To beat plastic is easy. → It’s easy to beat plastic.
打击塑料很容易
...it’ s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.
父母很容易忘记他们自己的屏幕使用。 It is adj. (for sb.) to do sth.
It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality...
判断人格的复杂方面需要花费一段时间... It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
3.2.to do做宾语
doing做宾语可以放在介词后;to do不能放在介词后,只能动词后。
eg: They really want to live their lives...
他们真的很想过自己的生活。
Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life...
美国人继续珍视许多成功人生的传统里程碑...
Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources.
今天,许多人发现很难相信自己的观点,并通过从外部来源获得客观性来寻求平衡。
3.3.to do做表语
eg: ... the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them.
把衣服洗干净的唯一办法就是把它们煮了。
The idea is to create a federation of private online identity systems.
这个想法是为了创建一个私人在线身份系统的联合体。

4.并列多个做主语

eg: However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely...
然而,谷歌和其他大型科技供应商密切监控着他们的效率...
Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself.
买礼物或者给慈善机构捐款往往比自己买东西更令人愉快。
But the policy is unclear and contradictory.
但是,这项政策并不明确,而且自相矛盾。
American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.
美国的企业、社区和消费者将成为输家。
That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled.
这并不意味着躺下来被愚弄,或者让外国公司不受控制地运行。

【攻略】

首先,要先准确地定位谓语动词;其次,要通过谓语动词的位置,找到其前面的和后面的宾语或表语,并且看懂是什么成分来充当的。
如果是名词或代词来作主宾表语,相对来讲比较容易看懂;但如果是doing或to do 作主宾表语,则较难识别和看懂,尤其要注意把doing 和 to do整体的词组完整找到。
 
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